Jefferson, who?

This past Wednesday at Bible Study in my church, I was making a point about the necessity of forgiving people who have hurt or offended us. To illustrate the idea that forgiveness is even more important to the one who was offended than it is to the offender, I brought up the name of Jefferson Davis.

“I have to forgive Jefferson Davis,” I said, “even though it won’t make any difference to him at all.”

My point was that even though Jefferson Davis would never know or care that I had forgiven him, forgiving him was crucially important for my own sake. Otherwise I would be held in bondage to my resentment against this long dead individual.

Jefferson Davis

Jefferson Davis

In selecting illustrations, it’s important that they present a picture with which people can quickly and naturally identify. By alluding to Davis, I assumed that everyone would immediately understand the nature of my grievance against him. He was, after all, the president of a Confederacy dedicated to keeping black people in lifelong bondage. To me, he exemplifies the dismissal of the humanity of people of African descent that was a necessary foundation for the maintenance of slavery.

It was very natural for me to identify Jefferson Davis with the necessity of forgiving. Not so with most of the other people in the Bible Study. It was not that they didn’t want to forgive Jefferson Davis; the problem was that many of them didn’t know who he was!

The immediate reaction to my illustration was a lot of blank looks. Finally I had to say that Davis was the Confederate president. Then someone said, “Oh yes, Pastor likes to study the Civil War.”

Most of the people in that Bible Study did not have college degrees, but almost all had graduated high school. By no means were these educationally deprived people. But the name Jefferson Davis drew only blank looks from them. It would seem that the events of the Civil War era are largely unknown to a large proportion of modern Americans.

Now that I’m thinking about it, I’m not sure whether that’s good or bad. Naturally for someone like me, who is fascinated by the war and the people who lived though it, it’s disappointing to see that for most of my contemporaries, the Civil War is truly ancient history. And nobody cares about ancient history.

On the other hand, perhaps we are at a point in our own history where some forgetting is necessary in order for us to move on. There’s nothing healthy in being perpetually aggrieved at offences that occurred 150 years ago.

Here are some of my articles that involve Jefferson Davis:

Why Abraham Lincoln Refused To Respect Jefferson Davis
Mary Elizabeth Bowser: Union Spy In The Confederate White House
Jefferson Davis Loses His Plantation in the Battle of Vicksburg
Jefferson Davis Wanted to Invade the North Long Before Gettysburg

Ron Franklin

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Why are those happy slaves shooting at us?

Slavery as it exists in America-loc'gov@pictures@resource@cph'3a05113

“Slavery as it exists in America” 1850. Library of Congress

Throughout the Civil War, many Southern whites professed an unwavering conviction that their slaves were happy and content in their bondage, and extremely loyal to their masters. That comforting belief was reinforced again and again by newspaper accounts claiming that whenever slaves ran away into Union-controlled territory, it was because they were kidnapped by Yankees and forced to go.

A typical example of this type of story was carried in the January 3, 1863 edition of the Richmond Daily Dispatch. In the wake of President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, issued on January 1, 1863, the Dispatch reported on the efforts of “Abolition Generals Hunter and Sexton” to recruit blacks into the Union army at Beaufort, South Carolina. The article said:

The negro brigade proved a failure. Conscription was resorted to to fill its ranks. Guards were sent to Beaufort from the camp to arrest and bring before the recruiting officers such negroes as were physically competent to serve in the army, that they might volunteer into the Black Brigade – at least get into it in some shape or other. The poor fellows attempted to resist, but found it of no avail. They attempted to hide from their pursuers, but they were hunted like dogs, and dragged out of their houses, from barns, cellars, and taken from their wives and families, that they might enjoy the privilege of volunteering.

From accounts such as these, it must have seemed to readers of the Confederate press that the ex-slaves who were undeniably fighting in Northern armies had been dragged kicking and screaming into the ranks.

Black troops near Dutch Gap canal

Black troops near Dutch Gap canal in Virginia in 1864

Yet of the 180,000 black men who served in Union blue during the war, at least half, about 90,000, were former slaves from Confederate states. And 25 African American soldiers and sailors were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for their gallantry in combat. That these were all unwilling victims of Yankee coercion must have become less and less believable as the war wore on.

Still, the comforting notion that the slaves remained loyal to their masters continued to be widespread in the South throughout the war. In June of 1865, two months after the Confederate surrender at Appomattox, Mary Chesnut wrote an entry in her “Diary From Dixie” alluding to the “negro slaves whom they (the Yankees) tried to seduce.”

Comforting delusions die hard.

Ron Franklin

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